如何为电动剪式升降机选择电池

Electric scissor lifts are used in construction, warehouse maintenance, facility management, equipment installation, and other elevated work applications. Electric models use batteries to supply power to drive motors, lifting systems, controllers, safety systems, and auxiliary electrical components.

Battery selection can affect operating time, lifting performance, charging requirements, equipment weight, and system compatibility. The selection process involves several parameters, including voltage, capacity, discharge current, operating time, dimensions, weight, charging requirements, battery chemistry, and operating temperature.

Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) is one battery chemistry used in some electric scissor lift applications. Depending on the equipment design, LiFePO4 battery packs can be configured with a Battery Management System (BMS), specific connectors, communication interfaces, and custom dimensions.

This guide explains the main factors to consider when selecting or designing a battery for an electric scissor lift.

Part 1.What Is an Electric Scissor Lift?

An electric scissor lift is an aerial work platform that uses a scissor mechanism to move a working platform vertically.

Electric scissor lifts are used for applications such as:

• Building maintenance
• 仓库运营
• Factory maintenance
• Lighting installation
• Electrical work
• 设备安装
• Facility maintenance
• Indoor construction
• Inspection work

A typical electric scissor lift may include:

• Drive motors
• Lifting motors or hydraulic systems
• Motor controllers
• Steering systems
• Control panels
• Safety systems
• Sensors
• Emergency systems
• Battery chargers

The battery supplies electrical energy to these systems. Power demand can change according to the equipment’s operating condition. Driving, lifting, steering, standby operation, and auxiliary functions can require different amounts of power.

Part 2.What Type of Battery Does an Electric Scissor Lift Use?

Electric scissor lifts can use different battery technologies depending on the equipment design, operating conditions, and charging system.

铅酸电池

Lead-acid batteries are used in various electric industrial vehicles and access platforms.

Their characteristics include:

• Established battery technology
• Wide availability
• Different capacity options
• Compatibility with many existing equipment designs
• Higher weight in some configurations compared with lithium battery systems

Flooded lead-acid batteries require specific maintenance procedures. Sealed lead-acid and AGM batteries have different maintenance requirements and charging characteristics.

AGM Batteries

Absorbent Glass Mat (AGM) batteries are a type of valve-regulated lead-acid battery.

Their characteristics include:

• Sealed construction
• Low routine maintenance
• Resistance to vibration
• Different capacity and current options

Battery weight, charging voltage, charging current, installation space, and operating conditions should be checked for the specific scissor lift.

LiFePO4 Batteries

Lithium iron phosphate, or LiFePO4, is a lithium-ion battery chemistry used in rechargeable battery systems.

A LiFePO4 battery pack for an electric scissor lift can be configured according to requirements such as:

• 额定电压
• 容量
• 连续放电电流
• 峰值放电电流
• 电池尺寸
• BMS parameters
• 通信协议
• 连接器类型
• 工作温度

LiFePO4 can be considered for equipment with regular charging and discharging requirements.

Its suitability depends on the equipment’s electrical system, charger, operating conditions, installation space, and battery specifications.

Part 3.How to Choose a Battery for an Electric Scissor Lift

Battery selection should begin with the equipment specifications rather than a standard battery size.

1. Confirm the Battery Voltage

The battery voltage should correspond to the equipment’s electrical system.

Electric scissor lifts can use different voltage platforms. Depending on the equipment design, configurations may include 24V, 36V, 48V, or 51.2V.

The required voltage should be confirmed from the equipment documentation or existing battery specification.

请检查：

• Nominal battery voltage
• 电机电压
• Controller voltage
• Charger output voltage
• Maximum system voltage
• Minimum operating voltage

When changing from lead-acid to LiFePO4, the battery voltage range and charger requirements should also be evaluated.

A similar nominal voltage does not necessarily mean that two battery chemistries can use the same charging system.

2. Determine Battery Capacity

电池容量通常以安时（Ah）为单位表示。.

Battery energy can be estimated using:

能量 (Wh) = 电压 (V) × 容量 (Ah)

例如

48V × 100Ah = 4,800Wh

A 48V 100Ah battery has a nominal energy value of approximately 4.8kWh.

The amount of energy available during actual operation can differ from the nominal value. Factors include:

• 放电电流
• 放电深度
• 温度
• BMS 设置
• 电池老化
• 系统效率

For this reason, battery capacity should be selected according to the equipment’s operating cycle.

3. Calculate the Required Operating Time

A basic operating-time estimate can be calculated using:

Operating Time = Battery Energy (Wh) ÷ Average Power Consumption (W)

For example, if the average power consumption is 1,000W and the battery has 4,800Wh of nominal energy:

4,800Wh ÷ 1,000W = 4.8 hours

This is a theoretical estimate.

Actual operating time depends on how the scissor lift is used. Driving, lifting, steering, stopping, standby operation, payload, and auxiliary equipment can all affect energy consumption.

For OEM development, measuring energy consumption during representative operating cycles can provide data for battery capacity selection.

4. Check Continuous and Peak Discharge Current

Battery capacity does not determine whether a battery can support the motor load.

The battery should be selected to meet the required discharge current.

Higher current can occur during:

• 电机启动
• 加速度
• Platform lifting
• Driving on slopes
• Carrying loads
• Operation on uneven surfaces

Two current specifications should be evaluated:

Continuous discharge current: the current that the battery can provide during normal operation.

Peak discharge current: the current available for a specified period under temporary high-load conditions.

The BMS discharge-current limit should also correspond to the equipment requirements.

For a custom battery project, current requirements can be determined from motor-controller specifications and measurements during equipment operation.

5. Check Battery Dimensions

The battery needs to fit within the available battery compartment.

Measure:

• 长度
• 宽度
• 高度
• 安装点
• 终端位置
• 连接器位置
• 电缆布线

A custom battery pack can be designed when the available installation space does not match a standard battery format.

The mechanical design should also provide suitable access for installation, charging, inspection, and replacement.

6. Consider Battery Weight

Battery weight contributes to the overall equipment weight.

Lead-acid battery systems are generally heavier than some lithium battery configurations with comparable energy specifications. The actual difference depends on the battery design.

When comparing battery weight, consider the complete battery assembly:

• 细胞
• BMS
• 附件
• 母线
• 连接器
• 电缆
• 保护组件

The final battery weight should be checked against the equipment’s mechanical, load, and stability requirements.

Part 5.LiFePO4 Battery Characteristics for Electric Scissor Lifts

LiFePO4 can be considered for electric scissor lift applications with regular charge and discharge cycles.

周期寿命

Battery cycle life depends on several factors, including:

• 放电深度
• 充电方式
• 放电速率
• 工作温度
• Cell characteristics
• BMS 设置

A cycle-life specification should therefore be evaluated according to the manufacturer’s test conditions.

Actual service life can vary depending on how the battery is used.

重量

A LiFePO4 battery pack can have a lower weight than some lead-acid configurations with similar energy capacity.

The actual weight depends on:

• 电池容量
• 单元配置
• BMS
• 住房
• 连接器
• 保护组件

The complete battery assembly should be considered when comparing different battery systems.

Self-Discharge

LiFePO4 batteries generally have relatively low self-discharge compared with lead-acid batteries.

For equipment that remains unused for periods of time, storage conditions and recommended state of charge should follow the battery manufacturer’s specifications.

BMS

A LiFePO4 battery pack normally includes a BMS.

The BMS can monitor:

• 细胞电位
• 电池组电压
• 充电电流
• 放电电流
• 电池温度
• 电量状态
• 故障状况

Protection functions may include:

• 过充电保护
• 过放电保护
• 过流保护
• 短路保护
• 过温保护
• 低温保护

The exact protection parameters should be configured according to the cells and equipment requirements.

Part 6.LiFePO4 vs. Lead-Acid for Electric Scissor Lifts

Battery chemistry should be evaluated together with the equipment’s operating cycle, charging system, installation space, temperature range, current requirements, and budget.

Part 7.BMS Requirements for Electric Scissor Lift Batteries

The BMS is a component of a lithium battery pack that monitors battery conditions and controls protection functions.

For an electric scissor lift, the BMS may monitor:

• 细胞电位
• 电池组电压
• 充电电流
• 放电电流
• 细胞温度
• 电池温度
• 电量状态
• 故障状态

The BMS can also communicate with the equipment controller when the control system supports battery communication.

Possible communication interfaces include:

• CAN
• CAN FD
• RS485
• UART
• Modbus

The required communication interface depends on the control system.

Battery communication may provide information such as:

• 电量状态
• 电压
• 当前
• 温度
• 充电状态
• 故障信息

Communication requirements should be defined during battery development.

Part 8.Charging Requirements

Charging compatibility should be checked when selecting a battery.

For a LiFePO4 battery, check:

• Charger output voltage
• 充电电流
• 充电配置文件
• 充电时间
• 连接器
• 通信要求
• 充电温度

A charger designed for lead-acid batteries should not automatically be considered suitable for LiFePO4 batteries.

For fleet applications, the charging method can also affect battery capacity requirements.

Possible charging methods include:

• Scheduled charging
• Overnight charging
• 机会收费
• 自动充电
• 更换电池

The charging method should correspond to the equipment’s working schedule and charging infrastructure.

Part 9.Operating Temperature

Electric scissor lifts may operate indoors or outdoors.

Battery design should consider:

• 工作温度
• 充电温度
• 储存温度
• 温度变化
• 湿度
• 灰尘
• 湿度

LiFePO4 batteries require specific consideration during low-temperature charging. The BMS can use temperature measurements to restrict charging when conditions fall outside the specified range.

For outdoor equipment, battery housing and environmental protection should also be considered.

Part 10.Battery Enclosure and Mechanical Protection

Electric scissor lifts can experience vibration and mechanical movement during operation.

The battery housing can be designed according to the equipment environment.

Depending on the application, the battery may require:

• Protective housing
• Secure mounting
• Vibration resistance
• Moisture protection
• 防尘
• Cable protection
• Appropriate connectors
• 热管理

The required enclosure protection level should be determined from the actual operating environment and equipment design.

Part 11.How to Customize a LiFePO4 Battery for an Electric Scissor Lift

OEM manufacturers may have battery requirements that cannot be met by an off-the-shelf battery.

A custom battery pack can be developed according to the equipment specifications.

Step 1: Collect Equipment Information

Useful information includes:

• Equipment voltage
• Existing battery specification
• 电机功率
• 峰值电流
• Required operating time
• 电池仓尺寸
• Charger information
• Connector specifications
• 通信协议
• 工作温度

Step 2: Calculate Energy Requirements

Start with the estimated power consumption and operating time.

Required Energy = Average Power × Operating Time

The result can be used as a starting point for selecting battery capacity.

Step 3: Select Battery Cells

Cell selection should consider:

• 电池化学
• 额定电压
• 容量
• 连续放电电流
• 峰值放电电流
• 温度范围
• Expected cycle conditions

Step 4: Design the Cell Configuration

Cells can be connected in series and parallel according to the required voltage and capacity.

The configuration should be checked against:

• 电机要求
• 控制器要求
• Charger requirements
• 电池仓
• BMS specifications

Step 5: Configure the BMS

BMS parameters can be set according to:

• Cell voltage limits
• 充电电流
• 放电电流
• Temperature limits
• 细胞平衡
• 通信要求

Step 6: Design the Battery Housing

The enclosure can be designed according to:

• 可用空间
• 安装方法
• 连接器位置
• 电缆布线
• 环境条件
• 服务要求

Step 7: Test the Battery Pack

Battery testing can include:

• 能力测试
• 充放电测试
• BMS保护测试
• 温度测试
• 通信测试
• 振动测试
• Connector testing
• Enclosure testing

Testing methods should be selected according to the battery design and intended application.

Example of Battery Capacity Calculation

Consider an electric scissor lift with:

• System voltage: 48V
• Average power consumption: 1,200W
• Required operating time: 5 hours

The estimated energy requirement is:

1,200W × 5h = 6,000Wh

At 48V:

6,000Wh ÷ 48V = 125Ah

This provides an initial reference of approximately 48V 125Ah.

The final capacity may need to be adjusted after considering:

• Usable battery energy
• 电机效率
• Controller efficiency
• Lifting-system efficiency
• 电池温度
• 放电深度
• 电池老化
• Operating load
• Standby consumption

Actual equipment testing can provide additional information for final battery selection.

Part 12.Battery Testing During Product Development

Battery testing can be used to evaluate electrical, thermal, mechanical, and communication requirements.

测试可能包括：

• 电池容量
• 充放电性能
• 当前能力
• BMS 保护
• Temperature behavior
• 通信功能
• Vibration resistance
• Connector performance
• Enclosure protection

For OEM equipment, prototype testing under representative operating conditions can help determine whether the battery configuration meets the equipment requirements.

For batteries intended for transportation, applicable transport testing and documentation should also be considered.

Part 13.Certifications and Compliance

Battery requirements depend on the battery design, application, transportation method, and destination market.

Depending on the project, manufacturers may need to evaluate:

• UN 38.3 运输测试
• 适用的IEC标准
• 区域安全要求
• 电磁兼容性要求
• 环境要求
• Machinery or equipment regulations

For batteries placed on the European market, the applicability of requirements under 欧盟电池法规（EU）2023/1542 应根据电池类别和预期用途进行评估。.

Certification requirements should be identified during product development so that relevant design requirements can be considered during battery development.

Part 14.How to Choose an Electric Scissor Lift Battery Manufacturer

For OEM projects, battery suppliers can be evaluated according to their technical and production capabilities.

Relevant areas include:

• 细胞选择
• Battery PACK design
• BMS 配置
• Mechanical design
• Communication development
• 原型制作
• 电气测试
• Environmental testing
• 认证支持
• Production quality control

Manufacturers should also provide technical documentation related to battery specifications, charging requirements, protection functions, and operating conditions.

For custom battery projects, the manufacturer should be able to explain how the proposed configuration corresponds to the equipment’s electrical and mechanical requirements.

Part 15.Information to Provide When Requesting a Custom Battery

Providing complete equipment information can reduce repeated specification checks during battery development.

OEM buyers can provide:

Equipment drawings, photos, existing battery specifications, motor data, and operating measurements can also be provided during the battery design process.

常见问题解答

What type of battery is used in an electric scissor lift?

Electric scissor lifts can use lead-acid, AGM, or lithium battery systems depending on the equipment design. LiFePO4 is one lithium chemistry that can be considered for suitable applications.

Is LiFePO4 suitable for electric scissor lifts?

LiFePO4 can be considered for electric scissor lifts that require rechargeable batteries and repeated charge-discharge cycles. Voltage, capacity, current, BMS, charging, dimensions, and operating temperature should be evaluated for the specific equipment.

What voltage does an electric scissor lift battery use?

There is no single voltage specification for all electric scissor lifts. Equipment can use different voltage platforms depending on the motor, controller, and electrical architecture.

How do I calculate battery capacity for a scissor lift?

一个基本的计算方法是：

电池能量（Wh）= 电压（V）× 容量（Ah）

Required energy can be estimated using:

Required Energy (Wh) = Average Power (W) × Operating Time (h)

The result should then be evaluated against the equipment’s actual operating conditions.

Can I replace lead-acid batteries with LiFePO4?

A lead-acid battery may be replaced with LiFePO4 when the battery voltage, charger, current requirements, BMS, dimensions, connectors, and operating conditions are compatible.

The complete electrical system should be evaluated before changing battery chemistry.

Does a LiFePO4 scissor lift battery need a BMS?

A lithium battery pack normally uses a BMS to monitor battery conditions and provide protection functions. The BMS can also communicate with the equipment controller when required.

How long does a scissor lift battery last?

Battery service life depends on battery chemistry, depth of discharge, charging conditions, operating temperature, discharge rate, storage, and usage frequency. Actual service life varies between applications.

Can an electric scissor lift use a custom battery pack?

Yes. A custom battery pack can be designed according to the equipment’s voltage, capacity, current, dimensions, connectors, BMS, communication, charging, and environmental requirements.

结论

Choosing a battery for an electric scissor lift requires consideration of the complete equipment system. Voltage, capacity, energy consumption, continuous and peak current, operating time, weight, dimensions, battery chemistry, BMS, charging, temperature, communication, and mechanical protection all affect battery selection.

LiFePO4 is one battery chemistry that can be considered for electric scissor lift applications. Its suitability depends on the equipment’s operating cycle, electrical architecture, charging system, installation space, temperature range, and battery requirements.

For OEM equipment manufacturers, a custom battery pack can be designed according to the lift’s electrical and mechanical specifications. The development process may include cell selection, PACK configuration, BMS setup, enclosure design, prototype production, and application testing.

Battery calculations provide an initial reference, while actual operating data and prototype testing can be used to verify the final configuration. Battery specifications should be confirmed against the equipment manufacturer’s requirements and applicable safety, transportation, and market-access requirements.